If you do not already have a copy of the textbook, Green Pharmacy, you can order one by clicking on the link below. As you read the textbook, answer the following questions. Email the completed questions to me for a grade, and I will send you a certificate of completion. Answers will be found in the textbook, Green Pharmacy. Make certain you purchase the vesrion having to do with history rather than the version dealing with herbs.

Be sure to include your legal name and your correct mailing address so I can prepare your CEU certificate and send it to you.

Study Questions

1. What constituent in plants usually gives them their medicinal effect?
2. Give an example of an ancient herbal treatment which has been proven by modern research to be effective.
3. Why are each of the following notable in the history of medicine?
   • Avicenna
   • Diocles
   • Galen
   • Dioscorides
   • Hippocrates
   • Monasteries
   • Myddfai
   • Roman Armies
   • Shen Nung
4. What effect did the black plague and syphilis have on the practice of medicine in ancient times??
5. How did the public view the practice of medicine at that time?
6. What was so revolutionary about Paracelsus? What did he contribute to modern medicine?
7. The author of Green Pharmacy says that Paracelsus believed the following two statements:
   (a) The specific medicinal action of each plant often depends on a single chemical constituent.
   (b) The active principle extracted from the plant and used in isolation will be even more effective while remaining as safe as in its original form.
   The author of Green Pharmacy asserts that one of these beliefs is not true. Explain which, and why it is not true.
8. How long was the training of a 16th century physician, and how did this affect his view of simple herbalism as practiced by ordinary people?
9. In 16th century England, how many types of medical practice were there? What were the different categories and what were their specialties?
10. When was the first Act passed in England to regulate the practice of medicine? What was the result?
11. What does the author feel are the three most significant aspects of the Quack’s Charter?
12. What was the “burning issue” in medical practice at the end of the 16th century?
13. What were the contributions of each of the following to the practice of medicine and/or herbalism: 
    • Mayerne
    • Culpeper
    • Patin
    • Markham
14. What were the contributions of the native Americans to European herbalism?
15. It is a common belief that profit has nearly always been a more decisive factor than human misery in deciding medical issues. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
16. In the 17th century, what was the most remarkable of all remedies discovered outside the ranks of college or faculty, what did it cure, and why was it so remarkable?
17. What were the ingredients of Talbort’s secret remedy and why is this significant?
18. By the beginning of the 18th century, the majority of plant drugs stocked by a European apothecary were imported from what two areas?
19. Who were the most influential medical practitioners of the 18th century and why?
20. Who was the first to accurately explain the circulation of blood, in what year?
21. What was the name of the plant which herbalists used to cure scurvy? Why did it work?
22. Where was the first medical school in the colonies?
23. What herbal remedy is associated with the Gold Rush?
24. Why did early American settlers often use native American remedies instead of going to doctors?
25. Why was the documentation of native American medicine unsuccessful?
26. Why was Withering’s British herbal a landmark?
27. What effect did the American revolution have on the practice of medicine in the colonies?
28. What doctor was credited with the discovery of foxglove? What medicine is now derived from foxglove?
29. What writer advocated preventive medicine in his book “Primitive Physic?”
30. In the late 1700s, what new profession infringed on the work of apothecaries? What was the difference?
31. Which doctor’s thinking dominated American medical history for almost a century (mid 1700-mid 1800)? Why was he so influential?
32. By the end of the 18th century, what were the two most commonly prescribed drugs?
33. How long was mercury used as a drug, and for what diseases?
34. Name three Native American-trained herbalists of the early 19th century.
35. Explain who the “Thomasonian Practitioners” were.
36. Who was the originator of homeopathy? What is homeopathy?
37. Who introduced vaccinations into North America?
38. Who was the author of “Useful Family Herbal” and why was that work significant?
39. Who wrote the earliest scientific study of the side effects of drug therapy?
40. Who implemented vapor bath therapy and what was the theory behind the therapy?
41. What did the medical botanist never use or supply, as a matter of principle?
42. What was the “king’s evil?”
43. Who was the most outstanding personality to emerge from the medico-botanic movement in England and the U.S. in the 1850s, and why was his work significant?
44. Who discovered morphine, and how was it used?
45. When did the AMA come into existence, in response to what issue?
46. What drug was used with great success in treating cholera in the mid 19th century?
47. Who coined the term “self-limited disease” and what does it mean?
48. What was the significance of Dr. Coffin’s work, and why has he been forgotten?
49. What drug was used to combat sleeping sickness in Africa?
50. In which country was the use of penicillin first documented?
51. What is the active principle of garlic and why is this significant?
52. In 1933, what significant change in status took place for naturopaths and herbalists? Why?
53. Who wrote “The Drugging of America,” and what did he mean by that claim?
54. Name three irresponsible practices of drug companies.
55. What was the purpose of the Kefauver-Harris amendment to the Food and Drug Act?
56. Who first began to test herbal products in a commercial laboratory for toxicity and possible defects to unborn babies?
57. How have drug companies and the FDA and AMA responded to the use of herbal products?
58. Has this changed since this book was written?
59. Who or what are “barefoot doctors?”
60. What type of treatments do barefoot doctors use for their clients?
61. How often are herbal preparations used in traditional Chinese medicine, compared to the use of acupuncture and other modalities?
62. What chemical substance is used in Chinese hospitals to treat bronchitis, and why is that significant?
63. Discuss the basic belief or principle that is common among aboriginal people regarding man’s relationship to his environment.
64. What are some of the projects that have been undertaken by the World Health Organization?